To what extent is it true that thyroid hormones produced by the thyroid gland, in addition to influencing the rate of calorie burning, also control the speed of the heartbeat?
Thyroid hormones have known cardiovascular effects and among them, in fact, is the influence on heart rate, as well as the force with which the heart beats (called the inotropic effect) and blood pressure.
Among these hormones, thyroxine is the one that helps regulate the body? How is it done?
The hormone thyroxine or T4 is secreted by thyroid follicular cells and transported to the body's tissues for conversion into triiodothyronine or T3. These hormones have effects on a multitude of regulatory processes such as basal metabolism and thermogenesis, metabolism and regulation of cholesterol levels, at the respiratory level they stimulate the use of oxygen and its contribution, they influence the action of the autonomic nervous system and the release of other hormones called catecholamines (which, in turn, modify metabolism, heat production, heart rate, motor activity and the central nervous system). It also has a significant effect on normal neurological development, growth and bone formation and maintenance, among others.
What diseases can cause an imbalance of the thyroid gland?
A significant elevation (called hyperthyroidism) or decrease (called hypothyroidism) in the level of thyroid hormones in the blood can cause an imbalance in all of the previously mentioned processes. The best-known symptoms of hyperthyroidism can be: sweating, increased heart rate, tiredness and weight loss. In turn, the best-known symptoms of hypothyroidism are: exhaustion, difficulty maintaining concentration, cold and, sometimes, weight gain.
Can this change also increase cardiovascular risk?
It is known that thyroid gland disorders are an important risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension, changes in cholesterol levels, the development of cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure, among others.
Is it true that recent studies associate both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism with an increased risk of arrhythmias and even cardiovascular death?
The direct relationship between increased cardiovascular risk, death from cardiovascular causes and cardiac arrhythmias has been well known for some time. Recent studies conclude that even small changes in thyroid hormones, such as subclinical hypothyroidism (a decrease in the amount of thyroid hormones in the blood without the person showing symptoms) can also increase this risk.
What are the most common heart disorders in people with thyroid problems?
In people with hypothyroidism, the most frequent cardiac changes may be: increased cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart failure, among others. Hyperthyroidism is closely associated with the risk of developing a particular type of cardiac arrhythmia known as atrial fibrillation.
Is there any type of prevention to avoid thyroid disorders and their impact on the cardiovascular system?
For normal thyroid function, the consumption of iodized salt is generally recommended, as iodine is a fundamental component of thyroid hormones. In the case of people who cannot consume salt for some medical reason, it is recommended to follow a varied and balanced diet and not abuse food supplements rich in iodine (because excessive consumption can also cause changes). Routine assessment of thyroid function is recommended at regular medical checkups to detect early changes. For a proper diagnosis, a careful medical evaluation is necessary, as well as measurement of thyroid function through blood tests and imaging tests of the thyroid gland, if the specialist deems it necessary.
And what does your treatment consist of?
Treatment will depend on the type of change and its severity. In the case of hypothyroidism, it will be necessary to supply thyroid hormone externally with medication. In the case of hyperthyroidism, treatment can be more complex and will fundamentally depend on the original cause of the hormonal disorder.
